First world: A satellite to distribute quantum keys from space

With the advent of quantum computing, classical cryptographic systems are becoming increasingly weak. This Quantum computersQuantum computersAble to solve complex mathematical problems in record time, endangering the security of communications. In this context, quantum keys emergingemerging As a promising solution to anticipate and counter these threats. However, their safe distribution on a large scale represents a major challenge to overcome.

Thales Elenia Space and Haspasat are the world’s first to address this critical need Quantum key distributionQuantum key distribution (QKD) fromGeostationary OrbitGeostationary Orbit. They are beginning the development, manufacturing, verification and validation phase of the prototype of the Spanish quantum key distribution system QKD-GEO from geostationary orbit. The purpose of this project is to design Geostationary satelliteGeostationary satellite Equipped with a quantum payload, as well as to establish a ground station for it ReceptionReception and managing encrypted data.

Concretely, the satellite ” will generate completely random keys and then securely distribute them over a secure quantum channel. Once on the ground, these keys can be used directly by the ground station owner or transmitted to end users via terrestrial QKD networks. », explained Angel Alvaro, Project Design Manager of Thales Alenia Space. Before proceeding with operational deployment and verifying its proper functioning, tests will be carried out in representative conditions over a distance of 140 km in the Canary Islands.

The Quantum Internet of the Future

This disruptive technology from QKD goes far beyond existing models of optical communication, introducing a new paradigm. The matterThe matter Protection of information. Based on the quantum properties of PhotonPhotonThis global quantum key distribution system is the first step towards the future quantum internet. In fact, it not only secures communications, but also detects any intrusion of data, positioning it as an advanced technology for information security.

Questioning existing asymmetric cryptography

Knowing that quantum computing challenges cryptography. AsymmetricalAsymmetrical It is important to understand that these technological advances create a compelling need for secure communication systems, especially for governments, critical infrastructure management and large businesses. QKD, using its optical systems, is able to detect any interference and guarantee the integrity of links thanks to the unique properties of photons. While current technologies struggle to provide quantum communication over long distances via optical fiber, the use of satellites in geostationary orbit overcomes these limitations by establishing continuous links over vast distances, reducing signal attenuation in free space. It happens. This orbit, 36,786 km from Earth, offers “ The advantage of establishing continuous links between the two continents via a single satellite, thus minimizing the need for complex signal tracking systems. ».

However, operating from a geostationary orbit ” Presents challenges such as signage requirements, size BinocularsBinoculars and the final bitrate received”, would like to explain. Angel Alvaro. On the other hand, these are disadvantages “It is compensated by the fact that we can work for longer sessions, because the satellite remains fixed. We produce less. VolumeVolume Quick keys, but longer. Additionally, a single satellite can serve large areas without needing to. The constellationThe constellation », he adds. He said, in all cases, ” A future global QKD solution will integrate both geostationary and low-orbit services, similar to existing telecommunications networks. ».

Defining future quantum key distribution systems from geostationary orbits

from a DurationDuration Total 24 months, QKD-GEO project PortPort On the development of various technological building blocks of future quantum key distribution systems that will operate from geostationary orbit. In detail, the project will cover the development of a quantum payload to be hosted on a geostationary satellite as well as an associated ground segment. Concretely, “ We are talking about the source LaserLaser space, The generatorThe generator Of Random numbersRandom numbers (QRNG), pointing mechanism, data processor and other local elements that are not currently available in the market. To understand the difficulty of the task that awaits the project teams, you should know that this development ” will do Move these blocks from their current status, on a TRL scale that measures the degree of technical maturity to flight-ready status at a level around 4/5 with a TRL of 7 to 8.

As Angel Alvaro pointed out in a Thales Elenia Space press release, “ gave The GEO-QKD project recently completed an initial four-month concept phase, during which the system architecture was developed and all the various system components were defined. “Payload One on the Hespasat Satellite” 45 cm aperture reflective telescope equipped with a pointing mechanism, integrated electronics, a random number generator, a polarized photon source, a laser pointer, and a heavy-duty processor for key generation and implementation. ProtocolProtocol D. Communication “As for the ground part, which is used to retrieve the quantum keys, it is ” It will consist of optical stations equipped with 1.5-meter telescopes that allow the reception of photons emitted from space, as well as an operations center dedicated to coordinating all system activities, such as orbital segment operations. Guarantee the fluency and quality of interaction with users. », defines the person responsible for the design of the project.

Finally, this QKD-GEO project is completely avant-garde and unique because there is currently no quantum key distribution system operating from this orbit in the world. The launch of the project is therefore an important step in the development of new communication security technologies. It responds to the challenges posed by quantum computing and puts Spain at the forefront of European initiatives in quantum communication. This innovative initiative could have important consequences for data security and the future development of the quantum internet.